Tefillin
Question
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If the entire bicep is covered by a cast or bandage, one shiuld place the tefillin on top of the cast/bandage but the blessing is not recited. If one is not able to do so due to pain one may place it for a short time, then take it off.
If the bicep is not covered by the cast/bandage then the tefillin is placed on the bicep as normal along with the blessing.
When wearing the tefillin shel-yad over a cast/bandage/sleeve one should cover it with something as it should not be seen in such instances. (it may be enough, the cover one places on the bayit of the Teffilin)
If, for whatever reason, a blessing is not recited on the shel-yad, both blessings (“l’haniach” and “al mitzvas tefillin”) are recited when putting on the shel-rosh. Sefardim, however, only recite “al mitzvas tefillin” when putting on the shel-rosh in this case.
SOURCES: OC 27 and commentaries.