Why Do Thousands Visit the Kosel on Pesach, Shavuos, and Sukkos? The Sources Behind This Ancient Custom | The western wall | Ask the Rabbi - SHEILOT.COM

Why Do Thousands Visit the Kosel on Pesach, Shavuos, and Sukkos? The Sources Behind This Ancient Custom

Question

Dear Rabbi,

I am on my way back from my visit to Israel, and we had a beautiful Yom Tov. The highlight of my visit was being at the Kosel HaMa'aravi during the Chag. It was truly beautiful to see the multitudes of people who came with such excitement and emotion.

I would like to know if it is it halacha to come to the Kotel during the Chag, or is this a more recent custom? I would really be interested in learning more about the background and sources of this beautiful custom.


Answer

Thank you for your question.

Nowadays, there is no obligation to go to the Kosel HaMa’aravi during the Shalosh Regalim. Nevertheless, many have the custom to go to the Kosel on Pesach, Shavuos, and Sukkos, as a remembrance of the mitzvah of Aliyah Laregel, like the times of the Beis Hamikdosh.

The custom is to visit during the festivals of  Pesach, Shavuos, and Sukkot. However, with regard to Shavuos, there is a concept known as tashlumin (make-up). This means that if a person did not go during Shavuos itself, he could still go during the six days following Yom Tov, tashlumin does not apply after Pesach or Sukkos.

A Few Halachos Regarding Visiting the Kosel during the Regel;

Davening at the Kosel

One does not need to actually see the Azarah. It is sufficient to come and daven at the Kosel.

Kriyah Upon Seeing the Kosel

If one comes to the Kosel on Yom Tov, Chol HaMoed, or Shabbos, there is no obligation to perform kriyah upon seeing the Kosel HaMa'aravi.

Techum Shabbos

Certain neighborhoods in Yerushalayim are outside the techum Shabbos with regard to walking to the Kosel. Therefore, one would require an Eruv Techumin in order to walk there on Shabbos or Yom Tov.

This applies to those coming from areas such as Givat Shaul, Kiryat Moshe, Yefeh Nof, Beit Hakerem, Har Nof, Beit Vegan, Kiryat Yovel, Ramot, Ramat Shlomo, Neve Yaakov, and Pisgat Ze'ev.

 

I would like to share with you some sources for the Custom of going to the Kosel during the Shalosh Regalim;

We find several sources from the Rishonim that even in their times, people would travel to Eretz Yisrael and to the Kosel HaMa'aravi during Yom Tov as a form of remembrance of Aliyah L'Regel

Shir HaShirim Rabbah, Parashah 1, explains the pasuk:

"Your eyes are like doves."
(Shir HaShirim 1:15)

שיר השירים רבה (וילנא) פרשה א

מה יונה זו אף על פי שאת נוטל גוזליה מתחתיה אין מנחת שובכה לעולם, כך ישראל אף על פי שחרב בית המקדש לא בטלו שלש רגלים בשנה,

Shir HaShirim Rabbah, Parashah 1:

Just as a dove, even if her young are taken from beneath her, she never abandons her nest forever, so too Klal Yisrael, even though the Beis HaMikdash was destroyed, never ceased observing the three pilgrimage festivals each year. 

The Ran

הר"ן על הרי"ף מסכת תענית דף ב עמוד א

היינו אפילו לאחר חורבן לפי שהיו מתאספים בכל הסביבות ברגל לירושלים כמו שעושין גם היום ומפני עולים הללו ראוי שנאחר השאלה שהיא היתה עיקר התקנה

The Ran on the Rif, Maseches Taanis 2a:

"This applies even after the destruction of the Beis HaMikdash, because people from all the surrounding areas would still gather in Yerushalayim during the Regel, just as they continue to do even nowadays. Because of these pilgrims, it was appropriate to delay the request for rain." 

The Tashbetz

שו"ת תשב"ץ חלק ג סימן רא

ויש סמך וראיה שקדוש' המקדש והעיר היא קיימת שעדיין הם עולים לרגל ממצרים ושאר ארצות ויש בזה רמז במדרש קינות ובמדרש שיר השירים במדרש פסוק אני חומ' ובפסוק אלה אזכרה ואשפכה עלי נפשי כי אעבור בסך אדדם עד בית אלהי' בקול רנה ותודה המון חוגג ואמרו כי עדיין נשאר מהנסים שהיו בירושלים שלא אמר אדם לחבירו צר לי המקום כי בבית הכנסת שבירושלים הם צריכים לאנשי המקום כל השנה ומתמלאת פה על פה בעת התקבץ שם בחג השבועות החוגגים יותר מג' מאות איש כלם הם נכנסים שם ויושבים רווחים כי עדיין היא בקדושתה וזה סימן גאולה שלישית:

Teshuvos HaTashbetz, Vol. 3, Siman 201:

There is support and proof that the holiness of the Beis HaMikdash and of Yerushalayim still remains, for people continue to come on pilgrimage from Egypt and from other lands

….They further said that some of the miracles that existed in Yerushalayim still remain, namely that no person ever said to another, "There is not enough room for me." For the synagogue in Yerushalayim is sufficient for the local residents throughout the entire year, yet during the gathering on the festival of Shavuos, when more than three hundred people assemble there, they all enter and sit comfortably. This is because it still retains its holiness, and this is a sign of the third redemption. 

Kaftor VaFerach

ספר כפתור ופרח פרק ו

ומה שאנו נוהגין עם אחינו אנשי גאולתינו יושבי הארץ כאנשי סין, וחמת דמשק, צובה, מצרים ואסכנדריה לעלות לירושלם בחגים ובמועדים אינו אלא מפני עגמת נפש, רוצה לומר להרבות עגמת נפש. וכדרך שאמרו סוף פרק אלו קשרים (שבת קטו, א) יום הכפורים שחל להיות בחול מפצעין באגוזים ומפרכין ברימונים מן המנחה ולמעלה מפני עגמת נפש.

Sefer Kaftor VaFerach, Chapter 6:

"The custom that we practice together with our brothers, the redeemed people dwelling in the land, as well as those from Tyre, Damascus, Tzovah, Egypt, and Alexandria, to ascend to Yerushalayim on the festivals and appointed times, is only because of anguish of the soul, meaning to increase our sense of sorrow (and increase their longing by remembering the Beis Hamikdosh)

The Maharit

שו"ת מהרי"ט חלק א סימן קלד

….שנמצא במדרש נמשלה כנסת ישראל ליונה מה יונה זו אף על פי שמרחקת אינו שוכחת את קינה כך ישראל אף על פי שגלו אינם שוכחין את קינהם ומפני כך היו נוהגים בזמן שהשנים כתקנן שהיו עולים בני מצרים וסוריא ובבל ברגלים לירושלים מכל מקום חיבוב ארץ ישראל היא זו כאותה שאמרו רבי אבהו הוה מנשק כיפי דעכו דכתיב כי רצו עבדיך את אבניה 

Teshuvos Maharit, Vol. 1, Siman 134:

"….It is found in the Midrash that Knesses Yisrael is compared to a dove: just as a dove, even when it distances itself, does not forget its nest, so too the Jewish people, even though they were exiled, do not forget their dwelling place. Because of this, in earlier times, when the years followed their proper order, the Jews of Egypt, Syria, and Babylonia would travel to Yerushalayim on the festivals.

Nevertheless, this was an expression of love for Eretz Yisrael, similar to what Chazal said about Rabbi Abahu, who would kiss the stones of Akko, as it says, "For Your servants cherished her stones."

Wishing you well.

Source

  1. Shir HaShirim Rabbah, Parashah 1 
  2. Ran on the Rif, Taanis 2a 
  3. Teshuvos HaTashbetz, Vol. 3, Siman 201 
  4. Sefer Kaftor VaFerach, Chapter 6 
  5. Teshuvos Maharit, Vol. 1, Siman 134 
  6. Azamroh Lishmecho #329


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