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Question
If one did not recite Birkat Hamazon and has already moved far from the place where he ate, can he recite it where he is now?
Answer
Hello,
It is obligatory to recite Birkat Hamazon at the place where one ate.
Therefore, if someone left the house without reciting Birkat Hamazon and moved far away, if he left intentionally, he must return to his place and recite it.
Even if he left unintentionally, he should return to his original place to recite it. However, in a pressing situation, he may recite it where he is.
Even if he left intentionally, if so much time has passed that by the time he returns to his place he will no longer be able to recite Birkat Hamazon,
for example, if a lot of time has passed and by the time he returns he will no longer be satiated from the meal and can no longer recite Birkat Hamazon,
Source
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, Siman 184, סעיף 1
If one left his place and did not bless, if it was intentional, he should return to his place and bless; if he blessed where he remembered, he has fulfilled his obligation. Note: This is according to Rambam, but according to Rosh, who holds that even if it was unintentional, he should return to his place initially, in the case of intentional leaving, even post facto, he has not fulfilled his obligation (Tur), and if it was unintentional, according to Rambam, he should bless where he remembered, and according to Rabbeinu Yonah and Rosh, he should also return to his place and bless.
Mishna Berura, Siman 184, סעיף קטן 7
(7) Return to his place and bless - and the later authorities write that this is the correct practice in reality unless it is a pressing situation, then one can rely on the first opinion:
Mishna Berura, Siman 184, סעיף קטן 3
(3) Return to his place - even if he has already gone far on the road for several miles unless he is so far that by the time he returns to his place, the food will be digested and he will completely lose the blessing, he should bless here:
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