Damages in the Talmud

What are the 3 damagers in talmud?

Shalom!

Thank you for your question.

I believe you mean to ask “What are the 4 damagers in the Talmud?”

The answer to your question lies in the first Mishna on the first page of the Talmudic tractate “Bava Kamma.” The four damages are: “Shor (an ox), Bor (a pit), Maveh and Hever (fire). Each of these four “damagers” has their own set of rules.

It is safe to say that two of the “damagers.” are easily understood. The damage of “bor” (pit) is relatively simple. If one digs a pit in a place where one should not do so, and someone gets injured from this pit, the digger of the pit will be responsible to pay for the damages/injury. Of course, “Bor” (as are the other damagers) is merely a “template.” By leaving, say, water or other slippery substance on the floor, which causes another person to slip and fall, is also considered to be a “Bor” damage, and the like.

The damage of “hever” (fire) is also somewhat obvious. If you start a fire that damages someone else’s property, you will often be required to pay for the damages. Here too, “hever” is a “template” for all forms of damages that move/travel/spreads just like fire moves/travels/spreads.

The damage of “shor” (ox) refers to damages done by one’s animal, but there is a lot of discussion on exactly what this entails, what kind of damage, what kind of animal, and the like.

Finally, the damage of “maveh” is the most complicated. It essentially means damage caused by man though the Talmud lists other interpretations, as well.