Instructing a Non-Jew in Various Cases
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Question
Hello, How do we know what is permissible to instruct a non-Jew to do on Shabbat? And what about a small child in exchange for a reward? Example cases: 1. Shabbat food was forgotten in a new freezer that was not switched to Shabbat mode. 2. Candles fell on the countertop and there is a risk of fire. 3. A speaker was accidentally turned on at full volume, and all the neighbors can hear. 4. The air conditioner is not working in the peak of summer. 5. The air conditioner is mistakenly set to heat in the peak of summer. All cases are in a house with small children.
Answer
Hello and blessings
It is forbidden to have a child perform work in exchange for a reward.
Instructing a non-Jew: 1. Permissible, as it is a 'psik reisha' which is allowed for a non-Jew.
2. If it can be easily done by a non-Jew, call a non-Jew. If there is a delay and a risk of fire spreading, it should be done by an adult Jew.
3. Cover with a blanket so the neighbors do not hear.
4-5. If the children are in great distress, it is permissible through a non-Jew.