Obligation of Shabbat Meal for Those Hearing Kiddush
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Question
Hello, In the Kiddush (Shabbat, Kiddush Rabbah) or on a Yom Tov, do the participants fulfill their obligation once the one reciting the blessing has sanctified, drunk the wine, and conducted the meal? Or are the participants required to conduct the meal themselves, or do they fulfill the obligation of Kiddush only if they heard and saw the one sanctifying eating?
Answer
Hello
It is obligatory for everyone to eat the Shabbat meal. Only regarding the Kiddush can they fulfill their obligation according to the principle of 'one who hears is like one who responds'.
Therefore, it is not sufficient for only the one sanctifying to eat while everyone watches; each person must eat bread in the amount of a 'kebeitza', and in extenuating circumstances, it suffices for them to eat in the amount of a 'kezayit'.
Source
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, Laws of Shabbat, Siman 274, סעיף ד
This meal and the morning one cannot be conducted without bread.
Mishna Berura, Siman 271, s"k 2
In the amount of 'kebeitza' - not specifically, but slightly more than 'kebeitza', as 'kebeitza' is still considered a temporary meal, as stated at the end of Siman 232, and it is not considered a meal [M"A], and some say that even with a 'kezayit' one fulfills the obligation of the meal, and it is proper to be stringent initially if possible: