Using Modern Ovens on Shabbat
Question
Hello,It is brought in tractate Shabbat, Chapter 3, Mishnah 2, that it is forbidden to leave food erev shabbat in an oven heated with straw or stubble, lest one stoke the embers out of habit, this is due to its high heat. My Question is, what about modern ovens - is there no concern that if one leaves a dish in an oven Erev Shabbat, they might out of habit increase the temperature during Shabbat?
Answer
Shalom,
The concern of stoking is not the same for all types of ovens. In the Talmud, there are three types of ovens, there is an 'Tanur', a 'kira', and a 'kupach', each with different rules regarding the concern of stoking. Sometimes the concern depends on the type of fuel used.
The poskim have written that our ovens are considered like a kira heated with wood, where there is a concern of stoking.
Therefore, according to halacha, one should not leave uncooked food in an oven, even if it was placed there on Erev Shabbat and remains there on Shabbat.
Source
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, Siman 253, סעיף 1