Change of Place for a Mourner
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Question
Is a mourner required to change his place in the synagogue on a weekday?
Answer
According to the basic law, a mourner should change his place until the third week, and the custom among Ashkenazim is that the mourner changes his place for twelve months for his father and mother and thirty days for other relatives.
Source
Gemara Moed Katan, page 23a: "The Rabbis taught: A mourner, in the first week - does not leave the entrance of his house, in the second - leaves but does not sit in his place, in the third - sits in his place and does not speak, in the fourth - he is like any other person." This is also ruled in Shulchan Aruch, Siman 393, paragraph 2: "In the second week, he leaves and does not sit in his place and does not speak; in the third week, he sits in his place and does not speak." The Rema wrote: "If he wishes not to sit in his place in the third week and to speak, he is permitted (Gemara). Nowadays, it is customary not to sit in their place for all thirty days; for his father and mother, all twelve months, and this custom has no basis, yet one should not change from the custom, as each place follows its custom." See in the glosses of Chochmat Shlomo, where it is written that the distancing of the mourner's place is an atonement for exile if his relative died because of him, considered an unintentional murderer.
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