Preparing Cholent on Yom Tov for Shabbat
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Question
Is it permissible, after making an Eruv Tavshilin, to prepare cholent on Yom Tov so that it will be ready by Shabbat morning?
Answer
Ideally, one should prepare dishes so that they are ready while it is still daylight, but in pressing circumstances, leniency is possible.
Source
Mishna Beitza, page 15: "A Yom Tov that falls on the eve of Shabbat, one should not initially cook on Yom Tov for Shabbat, but one may cook for Yom Tov, and if there is leftover, it remains for Shabbat. And one makes a dish on the eve of Yom Tov and relies on it for Shabbat. In the Gemara, it is explained, why? (they make an Eruv Tavshilin) Rava said: so that one selects a good portion for Shabbat and a good portion for Yom Tov. Rav Ashi said: so that they say, one does not bake from Yom Tov to Shabbat, all the more so from Yom Tov to weekdays.
In the Gemara Pesachim 46: "It was stated, one who bakes from Yom Tov to weekdays, Rav Chisda said: he receives lashes, Rabba said: he does not receive lashes. Rav Chisda said: he receives lashes, we do not say that if guests come, it is fit for him. Rabba said: he does not receive lashes, we say that if. Rabba said to Rav Chisda: according to you, who said we do not say that if - how do we bake from Yom Tov to Shabbat? He said to him: because of Eruv Tavshilin. - And because of Eruv Tavshilin we permit a Torah prohibition? - He said to him: by Torah law, the needs of Shabbat can be done on Yom Tov, and the Rabbis decreed a prohibition, lest they say one bakes from Yom Tov even to weekdays. And since the Rabbis required Eruv Tavshilin - it provides a sign". This means they disagreed whether the prohibition to prepare from Yom Tov to Shabbat is a Torah or Rabbinic prohibition, and Rabba according to his opinion in Beitza 4 that by Torah law, Shabbat and Yom Tov are one sanctity, and Rav Chisda disagrees, that it is a Rabbinic prohibition.
According to Rabba, it is permitted by Torah law because of the reasoning that if guests come, and prohibited by the Rabbis because of the decree, and through Eruv it is permitted even by the Rabbis. According to Rav Chisda, they are one sanctity and by Torah law it is permitted, and its prohibition is initially only Rabbinic, and through Eruv the Rabbinic prohibition is permitted.
The practical difference between them is whether it is permitted to prepare on Yom Tov when one cannot benefit from it on Yom Tov, according to Rabba it is prohibited since there is no reasoning of "if", and according to Rav Chisda it is permitted.
In the Halacha, the early authorities disagreed on whom to rule, Tosafot, Smag, and Meiri ruled like Rabba, and so ruled the Shulchan Aruch. And if so, close to darkness it is prohibited, and Baal HaMaor and Rabbeinu Ephraim ruled like Rav Chisda. And if so, it is permitted even close to darkness.
And in Biur Halacha, Siman 527, it was decided that the main rule is that close to darkness it is prohibited. But in pressing circumstances, one can be lenient and rely on those who ruled like Rav Chisda.