Changes in Prayer during the Ten Days of Repentance
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Question
What are the changes in the Amidah prayer during the Ten Days of Repentance, and what is the ruling for someone who did not say them?
Answer
A. During the Ten Days of Repentance, there are six changes in the Amidah prayer. A. In the third blessing, one concludes with 'המלך הקדוש' instead of 'האל הקדוש'. B. In the eleventh blessing, one concludes with 'המלך המשפט' instead of 'מלך אוהב צדקה ומשפט'. C. In the first blessing, 'זכרנו לחיים' is added. D. In the second blessing, 'מי כמוך' is added. E. In the Modim blessing, 'וכתוב' is added. F. In the last blessing, 'בספר חיים' is added.
B. If one forgot these changes: A. If one said האל הקדוש instead of המלך הקדוש, and remembers immediately within the time of 'toch k'dei dibur' [the time it takes to say three words, approximately one second], they should correct it and say 'המלך הקדוש' and continue the prayer. If remembered after this time, one must return to the beginning of the prayer. B. If one said מלך אוהב צדקה ומשפט instead of המלך המשפט, according to the Shulchan Aruch, if remembered before finishing the prayer, one returns to the blessing of 'השיבה שופטנו', and if the prayer was completed, one returns to the beginning. According to the Rema, if remembered before finishing the blessing, one returns to the beginning of the blessing, and if the blessing was completed and remembered immediately, one corrects it. If not remembered immediately, one does not return, [since the word 'מלך' is mentioned in the year-round text]. C. If one forgot to add the other four additions, one does not return.
Source
Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, Siman 582, Seif 1, 2, 6, Rema Siman 118, Mishnah Berurah Siman 581, Seif Katan 6.