Recitation of the 'Aneinu' Prayer on a Fast Day
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Question
Who recites the Aneinu prayer on fast days?
Answer
Shalom Rav,
One who is fasting adds the 'Aneinu' prayer in the blessing of Shomea Tefillah, without a concluding blessing at the end. One who is not fasting, such as a sick person or a minor, does not say it.
If someone is fasting but forgot and ate or drank, if they ate less than a kezayit or drank less than a revi'it, they say Aneinu as usual. If they ate or drank the required amount, they say Aneinu but do not say 'on the day of our fast' but 'on this day of fasting'.
The shaliach tzibbur says 'Aneinu' with a blessing at the end in the repetition of the Shemoneh Esrei. Its place is between the blessing of 'Goel Yisrael' and the blessing of 'Refa'einu'.
Source
Shulchan Aruch, Siman 566