Prayer on the Synagogue Steps

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Question

In my synagogue, there are stairs leading to the upper floor. Sometimes there is no room to stand inside the synagogue, and people stand and pray on the stairs. Is this allowed?

Answer

On the first step, if it is less than three tefachim high, it is permitted, and also if there is a large step measuring four by four tefachim, it is permitted. Otherwise, it is forbidden.

Source

The Gemara in Berachot, page 10b: "Rabbi Yossi bar Rabbi Chanina said in the name of Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov: A person should not stand on a high place and pray, but rather in a low place and pray, as it is said: 'Out of the depths I call to You, Hashem.' It was also taught: A person should not stand on a chair, nor on a stool, nor on a high place and pray, but rather in a low place and pray, because there is no haughtiness before the Omnipresent, as it is said: 'Out of the depths I call to You, Hashem,' and it is written: 'A prayer of the afflicted when he is faint.'
There are three issues with praying on a high place: 1. Because there is no haughtiness before the Omnipresent, as explained in the Gemara. 2. The early authorities explain that there is a concern of fear of falling during prayer, which may prevent proper concentration. 3. In Siman 98, the Tur writes that prayer should be like a sacrifice, and therefore there should be no separation between him and the ground.
In prayer on steps, there is no issue of separation because he stands on the ground, and there is no issue of fear because he is not afraid of falling there.
We found several permissions in the words of the early authorities.
Rabbeinu Manoach permitted when his intention is to convey to the public, even if there is a concern of fear.
The Rambam wrote to permit if less than three tefachim when there is no concern of fear,
and the Rambam also wrote that if there are four cubits, he is allowed to stand there as it is considered a separate domain when there is no fear.
In an enclosed place when there is no fear.
The Orchot Chaim permitted for the elderly and sick, not requiring them to descend from their bed to pray (and in the Shulchan Aruch, it was questioned whether it was permitted even if there is a concern of fear, or only when there is no fear).
The synagogue attendant who stands in his place, even if there is no partition and its height is more than three and its width is less than four cubits. All when there is no fear.
The Shulchan Aruch in Siman 90, Seif 1 ruled that when there is fear, it is forbidden even less than three, and permitted for the elderly and sick, and when his intention is to convey to the public.
And in Seif 2, it is written that when there is no concern of fear, the measure is specifically more than three tefachim high, and when there are four cubits by four cubits or enclosed by partitions, it is permitted.
I did not write permission when the steps are enclosed by partitions because each step requires a separate partition.

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