The Parameters of Tashlumin When Ya’aleh Ve’Yavo Was Omitted at Mincha of Erev Shabbos

Hi, erev Shabbos I forgot to say Ya’aleh ve’Yavo in Mincha. Normally I would need to repeat Shemoneh Esrei, but I forgot to do so. Then, when it came to Ma’ariv, I didn’t know what to do, since it was no longer Rosh Chodesh so I wouldn’t be saying Ya’aleh ve’Yavo. Did I need to say Shemoneh Esrei twice even though I wouldn’t be saying Ya’aleh ve’Yavo?

Thank you for your question.

The answer:

In a case where you forgot to say Ya’aleh ve’Yavo and only remembered at night, when it is no longer Rosh Chodesh, the halacha depends as follows:

If it was Mincha of Erev Shabbos that you forgot to say Ya’aleh ve’Yavo, then you do not recite Shemoneh Esrei twice at Ma’ariv.

However, if it was any other day, then you do recite Ma’ariv twice, even though at night it is no longer Rosh Chodesh and you will not be saying Ya’aleh ve’Yavo.

The answer explained in-depth:

We know that if one forgets ya’aleh ve’yavoh when davening Shemoneh Esrey, he needs to repeat the Shemoneh Esrey immediately.
It is important to note that when repeating the Shemoneh Esrey, one does not need to say it with a minyan. Even if one remembers at home or in shul and the minyan already finished, you may repeat the Shemoneh Esrey beyechidus.

The reason, as explained in Azamroh Lishmech issue #263 and issue #70, is that there is a debate among the poskim whether one who did not recite ya’aleh ve’yavoh is as if he did not say the Shemoneh Esrey at all, or that the Shemoneh Esrey is still valid but is simply missing the hazkarah of ya’aleh ve’yavoh, and for that reason, one needs to repeat the Shemoneh Esrey.

Lehalacha, HaGaon HaRav Fried shlit”a writes like the latter view, and therefore, since one is only repeating the Shemoneh Esrey for the hazkarah, one does not need to say it specifically with a minyan, since the Shemoneh Esrey that he said with a minyan, albeit without the hazkarah, is still valid.

Now, when saying the Shemoneh Esrey again, like in your case, where it is already night and you anyway will not be saying ya’aleh ve’yavoh, is there still a need to repeat the Shemoneh Esrey?

This is a machlokes brought in Tosafot and quoted in the Mishnah Berurah as follows:

משנה ברורה על שולחן ערוך אורח חיים הלכות תפילה סימן קח

(32) “On Motza’ei Shabbos, two Amidahs” 
 There is a dispute about this. Tosafos, in the name of the Ri, holds that one does not need to repeat the prayer for this reason, since he already prayed the weekday Shemoneh Esrei; he merely forgot the Shabbos addition. And if he now prays a weekday Shemoneh Esrei as a tashlumin, without mentioning Shabbos, what is he gaining with this repetition?

But the Chachmey Provence hold that praying the weekday Shemoneh Esrei without the Shabbos addition is considered as if he did not pray at all, since he did not follow the halachah.

Therefore, l’ehalcha we say that he should repeat the prayer as a nedavah (voluntary prayer). 

We see that le’halacha we are choshesh for the opinion of the Ri, that it is as if he hasn’t davened at all. Therefore, one should repeat the Shemoneh Esrei, and before he starts, he should stipulate that if the halacha is like the Ri, that I indeed need to repeat the Shemoneh Esrei, then this should be it. If, however, the halacha is like the Chachmei Provence, that I do not need to repeat the Shemoneh Esrei, then this tefillah should be as a tefillas nedavah.

Now, on Shabbos, just like during the times of the Beis HaMikdash, one would not be allowed to bring a korban nedavah on Shabbos, so too tefillah, which is in place of the sacrifices,one  may not recite a tefillas nedavah. Therefore, we say that the halacha is like the Ri, that one does not need to repeat the Shemoneh Esrei, since one may not recite a tefillas nedavah on Shabbos.

This is the halacha brought in the Mishnah Berurah as follows:

משנה ברורה על שולחן ערוך אורח חיים הלכות תפילה סימן קח

אם חל ר"ח בע"ש והיה ר"ח רק יום אחד ושכח במנחה להזכיר של ר"ח ונזכר אחר שחשכה אין להשלים כלל בליל שבת כיון דאינו מועיל כלום ורק שיכול להתפלל בנדבה ואין מתפללין תפלת נדבה בשבת. אם לא התפלל שחרית ביום ראשון של פסח וביום שמיני עצרת כשמשלים במנחה יתפלל תפלות שוות ואם טעה בתשלומין והתפלל כמו שהיתה ראויה להתפלל בשחרית אינו חוזר וכן если не молился Минха в день перед днем, когда начинают говорить Таль и Матер, и молится Арвит дважды, он должен спросить Матер в обоих, и в случае, если он не спросил в Ташлумин, он вышел, и посмотрите в Бе’ур Халаха:

Mishnah Berurah on Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim, Laws of Prayer, Siman 108

If Rosh Chodesh falls on Friday and Rosh Chodesh is only one day, and one forgot to mention Rosh Chodesh in Minchah and remembered only after nightfall, he should not make up the prayer on Friday night at all, since it would not accomplish anything. He may only pray as a voluntary (nedavah) prayer, and voluntary prayers are not recited on Shabbos.

Wishing you much success.

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